Gum disease occurs when dental plaque (a sticky film of bacteria) builds up on teeth and inflames the gums. Initially it can cause gums to appear red, swollen or bleed easily. Left untreated, it can progress to affect the bone that holds teeth in place.

**Common questions**

*What causes gum disease?* Poor oral hygiene leading to plaque buildup; smoking, diabetes and stress can also contribute.

*My gums are bleeding, is this serious?* Bleeding gums are a sign of inflammation; brushing and flossing more thoroughly can often improve them, but persistent bleeding should be assessed.

*Is gum disease reversible?* The earliest stage (gingivitis) can be reversed with improved oral care and professional cleanings. Later stages (periodontitis) require more extensive treatment to manage.

*Can gum disease make me lose teeth?* Severe gum disease can destroy the bone around teeth and lead to tooth loss if untreated.

**When to contact us**

- Persistent bad breath or bad taste

- Gums that are swollen, red or bleeding

- Sensitivity or discomfort when chewing

- Teeth appearing longer or starting to loosen

**S3 Dental advice:** Brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste, clean between teeth with floss or interdental brushes, and have regular dental check-ups to prevent and treat gum disease. Call us if you notice symptoms or have concerns.

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